Adenoids are lymphatic tissue, which are situated at the back of your nasal passages. Adenoids, when enlarged, can block breathing through the nose and cause ear and sinus infections. Adenoids are removed with an operation called an adenoidectomy. Most adenoidectomies are done in children. An adenoidectomy is a commonly performed, generally safe and minor procedure. However, like any other surgery, an adenoidectomy carries its risks.
Anesthesia Risks
Any operation that requires anesthesia carries a very small risk of allergic reactions to the anesthetic, according to the National Institutes of Health. These are quite unusual but, should they occur, your anesthetist and surgeon will take immediate action.
Bleeding
Bleeding from the adenoid area after the operation can occur after the operation. For this reason, the child is kept under observation for a few hours after the operation. Severe bleeding can rarely occur after the surgery according to Pediatric ENT Associates. If it occurs, your child may cough, vomit or throw up bright red colored blood. You must seek immediate medical attention if this occurs, as your child may need another operation to stop the bleeding.
Infection
Infection can arise after any surgery. Infection after an adenoidectomy will result in bad breath, intense pain and fever. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to prevent an infection from occurring.
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
A few children have a velopharyngeal insufficiency, which means sounds or liquids can escape the back of the nose. This affects speech and swallowing, as the palate does not form a complete seal with the back of the throat, according to Northwestface Medical and Aesthetic Services. The main risk factor for this is a cleft in the palate. Children with a cleft palate should not have their adenoids removed.
Other Risks
Scarring in the region of the tissues surrounding the adenoid can occur in about 1 percent of patients, according to Virginia ENT associates.
In addition, a tooth may be chipped while applying an instrument used to keep the mouth open during the operation. The instrument can also cause injuries to the lips or tongue.
