Interleukin 2 or IL-2 is a synthetic form of a protein in the body that is part of our immune system. It is used as therapy for patients with melanoma skin cancer and kidney cancer. IL-2 is also used to treat HIV patients to help boost the immune system. Chemocare.com describes this medication "biologic response modifier" which can increase production of our natural immune system cells to help our bodies fight cancer naturally. Like most treatments for cancer, interleukin 2 can cause side effects because it accidentally affects other cells in the body.
Flu-like Symptoms
The American Cancer Society lists fever, chills, body aches, joint pain and fatigue as flu-like symptoms that can occur with the IL-2 treatment. Chemocare.com states that this side effect will decrease over time as the body becomes used to treatment.
Flushing/Rash
Flushing or reddening of the face occurs is a common side effect of IL-2 and occurs in all patients receiving high doses according to Chemocare.com. Flushing may be accompanied by a dry rash. Rashes may itch and skin peeling may occur.
Gastrointestinal Upset
IL-2 is known for causing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in more than 30% of patients as recorded by Chemocare.com. Linings of the stomach and intestines may be damaged from treatment and these side effects result. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur alone or together. Loss of appetite and taste changes may also occur.
Low Urine Output
Because of it's potential damage to kidneys and treatment of kidney cancer itself interleukin 2 can cause low urine output. Low urine output may lead to water retention and should be managed by the physician. Fluids are given for the treatment of low urine output and low dose dopamine may be used to increase output.
Mental Status Changes
Problems with memory loss, confusion, and drowsiness are possible with this medication. This, like other side effects, may be more likely or more severe if IL-2 is given in high doses. Fatigue is common with the use of interleukin 2.
Capillary Leak Syndrome
Capillary leak syndrome is a side effect of IL-2 therapy. This syndrome is characterized by capillary blood vessels enlarging which causes leaking of fluids into the tissues. This causes a fast heart rate, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, swelling in hands/feet, and a decrease in circulating blood.
Abnormal Blood Tests
Liver and kidney function can be affected by IL-2, as well as, calcium and magnesium levels in the blood. Interleukin 2 may also lower platelets and red/white blood cells which may lead to bleeding, risk for infection, and anemia.
