A variety of medication options exist for the treatment of ADHD. The National Institute of Mental Health recognizes stimulants as the primary method of medication treatment, but off-label use of certain antidepressants medications has also been found beneficial in managing certain symptoms. The NIMH cautions that not all medications for treating ADHD fit all people with the diagnosis, and the options should be carefully explored with your physician in order to find the best treatment.
Atomoxetine
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), atomoxetine is the only non-stimulant medication approved for treating ADHD. The Mayo Clinic reports that this medication is primarily given to children with treatment resistance to stimulant medications. Atomoxetine acts on the brain chemical norepinephrine. Norepinephrine imbalance often leads to the symptoms of inattention and distractibility common in ADHD. Atomoxetine increases the production of norepinephrine in the brain, which results in increased attention and decreased hyperactivity. Although the FDA deems atomoxetine as a useful medication for treating symptoms, there is also a caution of increased suicidal thinking in youth taking this medication. In considering this medication, a thorough discussion with your physician about potential side effects as well as benefits for managing symptoms is important.
Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate
The Mayo Clinic indicates that dextroamphetamine is a stimulant that increases and balances the brain chemical dopamine. Dopamine is responsible for focus, thinking and attention. Dextroamphetamine treats hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. This medication has side effects such as sleep disturbance, irritability, moodiness and gastro-intestinal discomfort. Methylphenidate is another stimulant medication that targets dopamine levels in the brain. This medication also has side effects associated with irritability, sleep disturbance and blood pressure changes. A 2009 National Institute of Health News report further indicates that use of methylphenidate may cause changes in the area of the brain associated with reward. This is of concern due to the addictive potential of the medication. Research is ongoing to further determine potential risks of using this medication over a long period of time.
Off-Label Medication Options
According to the Mayo Clinic and NIMH, certain blood pressure medications and antidepressants may be useful in treating milder symptoms of ADHD. Imipramine and desipramine are antidepressants used for treating co-occuring mood disorders and inattention in ADHD. Clonidine and guanfacine are also medications used for symptoms of aggression found in ADHD. The use of antidepressants and blood pressure medications are short-term solutions for managing symptoms. Consulting a physician to determine the best medication regimen for treating ADHD symptoms is always a helpful consideration.
