Osteoporosis is when the bones become thin and weak, making them more likely to sustain some type of fracture. When someone has osteoporosis, they are particularly vulnerable to the serious consequences of spinal and hip fractures. These conditions are especially problematic, as they may result in chronic back pain, surgeries and loss of mobility. About 10 million people in the United States have osteoporosis, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation.
Family History
Genetic factors influence skeletal structure and strength. Having a parent who has had a bone fracture increases a person's risk of also suffering a bone fracture, reports the International Osteoporosis Foundation.
Gender
Being female is a significant risk factor for osteoporosis. After menopause when estrogen levels fall, a woman's bones begin to lose density at an accelerated rate. Women also have smaller, thinner bones than men, which also puts them at greater risk. The National Osteoporosis Foundation states that 80 percent of those with osteoporosis are women.
Nutrition
Calcium, phosphorus, boron, silica and other minerals are important for developing and maintaining strong bones throughout life. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption, and utilization of calcium. Lack of adequate nutrient intake due to eating disorders or malabsorption can weaken bones. Additionally, regular consumption of soda and processed foods can contribute to poor nutritional status, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
Age
Bones tend to lose density, and weaken as we age. Even though anyone can have osteoporosis, it is most common in those over 50 years old.
Sedentary Lifestyle
Getting plenty of regular exercise throughout life is very important to bone health. People who are unable to undertake physical activity or who have an illness that keeps them immobile are at high risk of osteoporosis. Making time for daily exercise can go a long way toward preserving healthy bones. Weight-bearing exercise is the best type for maintaining and building bone. Walking, running, hiking, dancing, jumping rope and weight lifting are some examples of weight-bearing activities.
Steroid Medications
Some people are prescribed steroid drugs for certain allergic or inflammatory conditions. These medicines are often used to control pain and inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and asthma. Steroid drugs can interfere with calcium absorption and contribute to osteoporosis, according to the National Institutes of Health.
