An IUD (intra-uterine device) is a small T-shaped device that is inserted directly into the uterus by a physician as a method of birth control. There are two brands available in the United States, one which contains hormones and one comprised of copper. The hormonal IUD can remain in place for up to five years, while the copper IUD can be left in place for up to 10 years. Users of IUDs need to be aware of side effects involved with the device's use.
Progesterone IUD Side Effects
The hormonal IUD contains a small amount of the synthetic hormone progesterone. Women with this type of IUD may experience a decrease in menstrual periods; some women will not have a menstrual period at all. Side effects of this IUD may include cramping or backache for a few days following insertion, spotting between periods, irregular periods, headache, breast pain and tenderness and the development of ovarian cysts.
Copper IUD Side Effects
The copper IUD provides protection against pregnancy for up to 10 years. Side effects for a first-time user of this IUD can include heavier menstrual periods, increased cramping during menstrual periods, painful intercourse, anemia, backache and vaginitis. These side effects may lessen over time as the body adjusts to the copper IUD.
Severe Side Effects
Some severe side effects are associated with both the progesterone and copper IUD. There is an increased risk for ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy occurs while using an IUD. According to Planned Parenthood, symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include irregular vaginal bleeding, pain in the abdomen or tip of the shoulder and sudden weakness or fainting. Some women may develop a pelvic infection while using an IUD. Any symptoms of vaginal discharge and pain should be promptly reported to a physician. If left untreated, an infection may cause pelvic inflammatory disease. There is also the possibility that an IUD can perforate the wall of the uterus or can be expelled following insertion. Patients should report any pain or discomfort to a physician. Women should check the IUD strings in the vaginal canal frequently, to ensure that their IUD is still in place.
