Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer formed from lymphocytes, or white blood cells. These malignant cells form solid tumors in lymph nodes and other areas of the body. According to "Merck Manual" more than 20 subtypes have been discovered. This disease is more common in people older than 50 years. Several symptoms will alert a physician to suspect non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Often, the first sign of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is swelling of lymph nodes. This swelling frequently is painless and noticed only on physical examination. The most common sites for lymph node enlargement are the armpits, groin and sides of the neck.
Night Sweats
The patient may begin to experience night sweats and awaken to drenched bedclothes and sheets. "Merck Manual" explains that this often indicates spread of the disease. Other signs of disease spread include fever and unintentional weight loss.
Fatigue
Fatigue may occur when the disease causes anemia, or a decline in the number of red blood cells. This anemia may also manifest as pale skin and difficulty catching one's breath. Similar symptoms include frequent infections due to a decrease in the number of healthy white blood cells, and increased bleeding and bruising due to a decreased platelet count.
Abdominal Pain
According to the Mayo Clinic, another symptom of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is abdominal pain, which often is due to a tumor pressing against the abdominal organs. This can also lead to nausea, vomiting, poor appetite and constipation.
Leg Swelling
One or both legs may swell due to lymph node enlargement in the groin or abdomen. Occasionally, an arm will swell due to enlargement in the axillary, or armpit, nodes. This type of swelling is due to retention of trapped fluid.
Chest Pain
A tumor in the chest may cause chest pain, coughing or difficulty breathing, and possibly even facial swelling.
Diarrhea
Some patients experience diarrhea, which indicates involvement of the intestines. Other symptoms include cramping, bloating and intestinal gas.
References
- "Medical-Surgical Nursing"; Donna Ignatavicius, M.S., R.N. and Linda Workman, Ph.D., R.N.; 2002
- Mayo Clinic: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Merck Manual Home Edition: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
