Arnica montana is a perennial herb that is similar in appearance to a daisy. For centuries, the plant, commonly called arnica, has been used to treat skin injuries and a variety of medical conditions. The flower heads are made into a variety of medical preparations, including ointments and tinctures, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Although it is sometimes taken internally as a homeopathic treatment, it is generally only recommended for external use because of the risk of side effects.
Skin Reactions
Although arnica is commonly used topically as a cream or ointment to treat a variety of skin conditions and injuries, prolonged use can cause skin irritation such as eczema, itching, peeling and blistering, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Additionally, arnica montana should never be applied to open wounds because of the risk of side effects.
Gastrointestinal Reactions
When taken internally, arnica can cause nausea, vomiting and stomach upset, according to the American Cancer Society. Homeopathic treatments use very low concentrations of arnica to lessen the risk of adverse reactions.
Neurological Symptoms
Internal use of non-diluted concentrations can cause muscle weakness, nervousness, anxiety and coma. Nosebleeds have also been reported.
Cardiac Symptoms
Internal use of undiluted arnica montana can cause a rapid heart rate and/or heart palpitations.
Allergic Reactions
Both topical and internal use of arnica montana may cause allergic reactions in people with hypersensitivities to the herb. Signs of an allergic reaction include hives, itchy skin, runny nose and shortness of breath, according to the American Cancer Society. In severe cases, people can go into shock. Allergies to arnica montana are more common in people who are allergic to sunflowers, chamomile and marigolds.
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