Acid reflux, also referred to as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a condition caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Improper closing or spontaneous opening of the lower esophageal sphincter allows the undigested food and stomach acids to flow into the esophagus, resulting in the feeling of heartburn. Treatment for acid reflux usually revolves around over-the-counter medications.
Antacids
One of the more common treatments for acid reflux is antacids, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Antacids help neutralize stomach acids so they no longer irritate the lining of the esophagus during regurgitation. Magnesium, calcium and aluminum are typically combined with bicarbonate or hydroxide to change the pH of the acids in the stomach. Results are quick but temporary. The medication must be taken each time you experience reflux.
Acid Reducers
The Mayo Clinic recommends using acid reducers, such as ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine or famotidine. All of these medications are available with and without a prescription. Regardless of the drug, acid reducers impede the production of stomach acids. With less acid in the stomach, less backflow occurs within the esophagus. Results are longer lasting than antacids but not as quick. This type of medication must be taken each time you suffer reflux.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Another potential treatment of acid reflux are proton pump inhibitors. Much like acid reducers, these inhibit acid production. However, proton pump inhibitors have the added benefit of helping to heal the esophagus through their use, according to Mayo Clinic.
Prokinetics
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases offers prokinetics as an option for treating gastroesophageal reflux. This medication does nothing to affect the acidity of the stomach. Instead, the use of prokinetics actually helps strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter, which may keep it from opening spontaneously or closing improperly. It also helps the stomach empty at a much faster rate, which reduces the chances of acid regurgitation.
GERD
Acid reflux may eventually develop into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), cautions the Mayo Clinic. GERD is characterized as a chronic digestive condition. It's similar to gastroesophageal reflux in that you experience a backflow of stomach contents. But unlike GER, the acid regurgitation occurs more that twice a week.
Effects
If left untreated, the constant backflow of stomach contents often leads to inflammation of the esophagus. This can cause the food pipe to narrow due to the formation of scar tissue, making it difficult to swallow. It may also lead to the development of ulcers or precancerous tissue in and along the esophageal walls.
