Some contraceptives involve the use of hormones, while others offer a non-chemical barrier or intrauterine protection. Speak to your physician regarding the side effects of hormonal birth control prior to deciding which method is right for you. Women over age 35 who are smokers and women who suffer from severe migraine headaches should not use hormonal birth control.
Estrogen and Progestin Combination Contraception
Many birth control pills contain both estrogen and progestin. These pills work by inhibiting ovulation and altering both cervical mucous and the uterine lining. These pills are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, states Planned Parenthood. Pills should be taken at the same time each day. Other birth control methods that contain both estrogen and progestin include the hormonal skin patch and the vaginal ring. Side effects of these methods include breast tenderness, weight gain, spotting between periods and headache. Serious side effects include blood clot, heart attack, stroke and allergic reaction.
Progestin-Only Contraception
There are several different chemical methods that include progestin only. Progestin-only birth control inhibits ovulation and alters both cervical mucous and the uterine lining. There are birth control pills available that contain progestin only. This may be a good choice for women who do not want to use a method that contains estrogen. The birth control shot uses progesterone only. The shot is given once every three months. Side effects of progestin-only contraception may include breast tenderness, headache, acne and weight gain. Serious side effects include blood clots, heart attack and stroke.
Intrauterine Device
There is an intrauterine device (IUD) on the market that contains a small amount of progestin. It works by inhibiting ovulation and altering the uterine lining, which prevents pregnancy. The IUD is inserted by a physician in a general office setting. The chemical IUD may remain in place for a period of up to five years. At that time it can be removed, and replaced with another. If a woman desires pregnancy during the five years, she can simply remove the IUD early. Fertility should return within several months. Side effects of the IUD include uterine perforation, infection, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, headache and breast tenderness.
