Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that forms in lymph tissues such as the lymph nodes and spleen. Lymph tissues provide the body's defenses against germs and infection. When white blood cells, known as B lymphocytes, in these tissues begin to grow abnormally, tumors form. Because lymph tissues are located throughout the body, lymphomas may begin in a number of areas. Statistics from the American Cancer Society show that individuals have a one-in-fifty chance of getting Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but it occurs more commonly in men and individuals with weakened immune systems.
General symptoms
Often individuals will not notice any signs or symptoms of this type of cancer until it has become quite large. On the other hand, individuals with rapid-growing lymphomas may experience generalized symptoms that do not necessarily indicate the location of the tumor in the body. The American Cancer Society explains that these symptoms, called B symptoms, include fever and abnormal increases in sweating, particularly during sleep.
Skin lymphomas
The classic sign of a skin lymphoma is a lesion that persists for a long time or grows in size. Lesions---lumps or nodules---may appear red or purple in color. People can feel these on the skin and they may even cause itching. The American Cancer Society cautions that often enlarged lymph nodes located near the skin such as on the sides of the neck, in the underarms and the groin, usually indicate a sign of infection, not cancer.
Brain lymphomas
Brain lymphomas, known as primary brain lymphomas, can cause an individual to feel weak throughout the body. Individuals with this type of Non-Hodgkin's may suffer from headaches as well as difficulty concentrating and other behavioral changes. Some patients may experience seizures.
Chest lymphoma
When lymphoma is present in lymph nodes in the chest, breathing can become disrupted. The cancer causes swelling in chest lymph nodes and the thymus gland that, in turn, presses against the windpipe and airways.
The American Cancer Society warns of a life-threatening condition called superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome that may also occur as a result of lymphoma in the chest. Swollen glands squeeze against the superior vena cava, a major vein that brings blood to the heart, causing the blood to collect in the vein. Patients will notice swelling and a blue-red skin color in the upper body.
Abdominal lymphomas
Abdominal pain and swelling can also indicate lymphoma. If the lymphoma is near the intestines, bowel movements may be blocked and this disruption can cause constipation, as well as nausea and vomiting. Other signs include a reduced appetite and weight loss.
