Calcium is an essential mineral that supports bone formation, muscle contractions, release of hormones, and brain and nerve function. High blood calcium, also called hypercalcemia, can be caused by an overactive parathyroid gland, a gland that regulates blood calcium, which in severe cases may be removed. Other causes of high blood calcium include existing medical disorders, certain cancers and tumors, medications, and excessive use of vitamin D and calcium supplements. Hypercalcemia can affect many parts of the body. Treatment involves administering intravenous fluids and medications like calcitonin and bisphosphonates.
Abdominal Side Effects
High blood calcium can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation and abdominal pain. Individuals may also experience a loss of appetite.
Kidney Side Effects
The kidneys excrete water when blood calcium is high which can lead to dehydration, according to Merck Manuals. As a result individuals with hypercalcemia often experience increased thirst and frequent urination. Other side effects include flank pain and kidney stones.
Muscular and Skeletal Side Effects
High blood calcium can lead to muscle atrophy, twitching, weakness and pain. In some cases hypercalcemia results from breakdown of bone and subsequent release of calcium into the blood stream. This can lead to bone pain, bowing of the shoulders, an increased risk of fractures, curvature of the spine and height loss.
Psychological Side Effects
Psychological side effects of high blood calcium include confusion, lethargy, fatigue, apathy, dementia, depression, irritability and memory loss. In severe cases coma and death can ensue.
