The term dementia identifies a classification of symptoms used to describe the irreversible degeneration of cognitive function. Loss of memory, mood changes and difficulties with communication are symptomatic of all forms of dementia. However, in early onset dementia, symptoms occur much earlier in life and more frequently result from neurological and autoimmune disorders. Because symptoms of early onset dementia may respond to treatment, it becomes important to obtain a diagnosis as soon as possible.
Autoimmune disorders
According to a Mayo Clinic review conducted by Dr. Brendan Kelley and reported on the Reuter's web site, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and lupus prove responsible for more than 20 percent of early onset dementia. Lupus is an inflammatory disease that leaves the immune system unable to differentiate between healthy tissue and proteins that destroy viruses and bacteria. Multiple Sclerosis occurs when the body's immune cells attack the nervous system, causing inflammation and nerve damage. Signs of neurological damage common to both syndromes include decreased attention span, poor judgment and memory loss.
Alcoholism
Although evidence exists that moderate drinking supports brain function, used in excess alcohol proves toxic to the brain and can lead to alcohol related dementia. Alcohol is a neurotoxin that directly affects the central nervous system. Liver damage occurs frequenly, and lack of nutrition and resultant vitamin deficiencies can lead to brain shrinkage, neurological damage, memory loss and overall deterioration of mental function.
Pick's disease
Pick's disease is defined by the presence of an abnormal form of the tau protein, causing tissues in the brain to shrink over time. Although rare, Pick's disease most commonly affects adults between the ages of 40 years and 60 years of age. Common symptoms of the disease include changes in personality, inappropriate behavior and impaired thinking, says the National Institute of Health web site. Unlike other forms of dementia, short-term memory usually remains intact.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is the human form of the transmissible neurological disorder known as mad cow disease in animals. The risk for contracting CJD by contamination is low, and the cause for the majority of those who do contract the disease remains unknown. Early symptoms of CJD have similarities to other forms of dementia. However, from the time of diagnosis, those who contract CJD have an average survival time of less than one year.
Huntington's Disease
Huntington's Disease is an inherited brain disorder that causes progressive deterioration of brain cells explains the Hennepin County Medical Center web site. Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 30 and 45, and progress over a period of several years. Early symptoms include forgetfulness, mood swings, speech impairment, clumsiness and lack of coordination. As the disease progresses, loss of short-term memory and the ability to concentrate ensue. Ultimately, the patient becomes incapable of self-care.
