The fingers are a common site for arthritis. This can include both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis that affects the fingers can be mild and be present with few symptoms. It can also cause joint deformity that can greatly limit the use of the hands. As with many conditions, the earlier treatment starts the better. This means being on the lookout for early signs of arthritis in the fingers and then seeing a doctor or physical therapist for treatment.
Pain and Stiffness
Pain is often the first warning sign of arthritis in the hand, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. In the case of osteoarthritis the pain is caused by cartilage wearing away which means that bones rub against each other. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which means the body attacks itself. This disease can cause pain and inflammation in the finger joints. Osteoarthritis can affect the fingers on just one hand, while rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect both sides equally. The pain from either type can be dull, achy or sharp. It may get better with rest and get worse when using the hand. Periods of inactivity may cause stiffness in the fingers that is relieved with gentle stretching.
Swelling
In the case of osteoarthritis, as the cartilage wears away and the bones rub on one another, the bones may grow spurs. This can cause the joint to become swollen or deformed. The spurs can also press on nearby tissues causing them to swell. As rheumatoid arthritis attacks the finger joints, swelling may develop and be accompanied by redness. In addition, the finger joint may feel warm to the touch. According to the University of Washington School of Medicine, rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect the knuckles of both hands and can go through periods of flares followed by remissions where there are no symptoms at all. Osteoarthritis tends to occur in various joints of the hands. It comes on slowly but the symptoms are constantly present and tend to gradually get worse over time.
Crepitation and Loss of Strength
Crepitation is the medical term used to describe a crunching or grinding sound in a joint when moving. This can occur due to all of the above mentioned changes in the finger joints. The American Society for Surgery of the Hand states that if arthritis of the hand is suspected, look for a loss of range of motion in the fingers. Grip strength may diminish and tasks such as opening a jar, buttoning a shirt and holding writing utensils may become more difficult. Daily exercise to maintain flexibility in the hands and fingers will be an important part of treatment.
