Polycystic ovarian disease is a hormonal problem that results from inappropriate stimulation of the ovaries. This can cause the ovaries to develop large cysts and secrete large amounts of testosterone. One of the complications of polycystic ovarian disease is acne, due to the effects of the hormonal imbalance.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Androgens
Polycystic ovarian syndrome, according to the Hormone Foundation, results in the ovaries producing too much of a group of hormones called androgens. Androgens are sex hormones that are predominantly produced by men and include testosterone. Normally, the ovaries produce very low amounts of testosterone. In the case of polycystic ovarian disease, however, the ovaries produce extra testosterone, which has a number of effects on the body.
Testosterone and DHT
Elevated testosterone levels can also lead to an increase in another hormone, known as dihydrotestosterone or DHT, Women's Health UK explains. DHT can stimulate the production of sebum, which is an oily substance secreted by skin cells. The increased sebum production can cause the pores to clog, which allows bacteria to accumulate, leading to frequent acne outbreaks.
Insulin and Acne
Another culprit in the development of acne is insulin, the Center for Young Women's Health explains. One effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome is insulin resistance, which leads to chronically high insulin levels. Although the mechanism by which high levels of insulin contribute to the acne is not well understood, the Center for Young Women's Health notes that acne in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome often goes away when insulin and blood glucose levels are well controlled.
Birth Control Pills
One way in which acne caused by PCOS can be treated is via the use of birth control pills, according to WomensHealth.gov. Birth control pills help lower the amount of testosterone in the body by blocking the signal that causes the ovaries to produce so much testosterone. They can also help restore the natural rhythm of a patient's menstrual cycle.
Other Treatments
Acne caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome can also be treated via more traditional methods. These includes topical creams and oral antibiotics. Patients with high glucose levels can also try to eat a food that is low in sugar. Patients should also avoid foods with a high glycemic index in order to help keep insulin levels low. Women's Health UK notes that washing the face two times a day and using hypoallergenic products can help reduce acne. A dermatologist can suggest other techniques for keeping acne under control in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
