Constipation, as defined by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, is having less than three bowel movements in a week. The Institute adds that some individuals may not have a bowel movement daily, but that does not mean they are constipated. In fact, many individuals worry so much about the frequency of bowel movements that constipation results. Although constipation can cause painful bowel movements and bloating, it is not a disease but rather a symptom of either an underlying condition or lifestyle factors.
Lifestyle Factors
Chronic constipation is often due to an unhealthy diet. According to the American Gastroenterological Association, eating too many meat and dairy products, as well as desserts, can create conditions in the intestines that hinder bowel movements. Individuals who do not let themselves have a bowel movement when they feel the urge may eventually stop feeling that urge. Also, abusing laxatives may reduce the intestine's ability to work properly on its own. Frequent travel, especially over long distances, may also be a factor.
Diseases and Conditions
Certain diseases and conditions may cause chronic constipation. For example, irritable bowel syndrome affects the speed with which food moves through the large intestine, or colon, and hemorrhoids can affect the sphincter muscle. Disruption in the amounts of certain hormones, such as during pregnancy, may cause constipation. An injury to the spinal cord may damage nerves that help the brain communicate with the intestine and inadvertently cause constipation. Also, sometimes scar tissue from a previous injury or surgery can press on the intestine and disrupt bowel movements. The American Gastroenterological Association notes that diseases like multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's, as well as many types of medications such as blood pressure drugs, can cause chronic constipation.
Warning Sign
In some cases, chronic constipation may indicate the existence of a more serious condition. The American Gastroenterological Association warns that constipation can result from an abnormality in the digestive system. There may also be an obstruction of some kind, and chronic constipation could indicate the existence of a tumor or cancer. For example, a tumor may be pressing against or squeezing areas of the intestine and rectum. Constipation can also be a sign of diabetes or lupus. Chronic constipation should be reported to a doctor to rule out these health conditions.
