According to the Mayo Clinic, decongestants are medications that provide quick, temporary relief for nasal and sinus congestion. Decongestants are found in oral, nasal and eye drop form. They treat a variety of symptoms resulting from colds, allergies and hay fever and are often available over-the-counter. A doctor should approve the use of any decongestant for those with heart problems, high blood pressure, glaucoma, diabetes or thyroid issues.
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine is a nasal decongestant used to relieve, but not treat, nasal congestion. According to Medline Plus, a publication of the National Institutes of Health, pseudoephedrine provides relief by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages. It is available as both liquids and tablets in regular form, which is taken every four to six hours, and in extended release form, which is taken every 12 hours. Side effects may include restlessness, vomiting or weakness. Common brands include certain brands of Sudafed, Triaminic and Decofed. Pseudoephedrine can also be purchased in combination with other medications. According to MedlinePlus, a doctor should be consulted prior to providing these medications to children between 4 and 11 years of age, as they can cause serious side effects or death.
Tetrahydrozoline
Tetrahydrozoline is a decongestant used in the relief of eye irritation resulting from a cold, pollen or swimming. It is found in eye drop form, and is usually applied three or four times per day, according to Medline Plus. Possible side effects include stinging of the eye or blurred vision. Common brand names for this decongestant include Visine, Murine Plus and Tyzine. Care should be taken as this medication can possibly raise blood pressure. A very rare but serious side effect from the use of the medication is acute glaucoma.
Phenylephrine
Phenylephrine is a nasal decongestant effective for treating allergies, colds and hay fever by relieving discomfort in the nasal passages through the reduction of swelling of blood vessels. It does not treat the cause, but is effective in temporarily reducing sinus congestion and pressure. According to MedlinePlus, phenylephrine is usually taken every four hours or as needed. Common brand names include various brands of Benadryl, Sudafed, Theraflu, Vicks Dayquil and Tylenol Allergy and Cold. The active ingredient should be checked prior to purchasing or consuming.
Oxmetazoline
Oxmetazoline is a nasal spray used to temporarily relieve sinus congestion, pressure and nasal discomfort. It is used as a liquid that is sprayed in the nose every 10 to 12 hours. The medication should not be shared to reduce any possibility of infection, according to MedlinePlus. Side effects may include increased nasal discharge, sneezing, nervousness or trouble sleeping. Brand names include Afrin, Dristan and Duramist Plus. It is not recommended for use in children younger than 6. Older children between 6 and 12 should be monitored closely when using this medication.
