Elderberry (aka elder, European elder, Sambucus nigra, black elder, elder flower) is a tree native to Europe, used for many years to treat wounds, respiratory illnesses, colds and influenza. According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), elderberry may help ease pain, swelling, infection, cough, skin conditions, flu, cold, fever, constipation and sinus infections. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) says there are few side effects associated with short-term use of elderberry. The Food and Drug Administration does not regulate elderberry; the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends consulting a physician prior to taking elderberry.
Medication Interactions
According to the UMMC, elderberry can react with numerous prescription medications. Elderberry has diuretic properties, and users should not combine it with other diuretics because of the risk of dehydration. Those who take diabetic medications that lower blood sugar should not take elderberry, because elderberry has blood sugar-lowering capabilities that can lead to hypoglycemia, a complication of diabetes characterized by extremely low blood sugar. Elderberry may also increase the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and interfere with the drug theophylline, an asthma medication, and immunosuppressants like prednisone.
Herbal Interactions
The NIH says elderberry can interact with herbs like artichoke, dandelion and horsetail that have diuretic properties and increase urination. Elderberry may also have a laxative effect, so those using herbs that serve as laxatives, including alder buckthorn, dong quai and psyllium, should not take it. Herbs that lower blood glucose and therefore should not be used in conjunction with elderberry include aloe, burdock, fenugreek, maitake mushroom and milk thistle.
Allergic Reactions
The NIH advises individuals who are allergic to honeysuckle to avoid elderberry because they come from the same family of plants, Caprifoliaceae. An allergic reaction to elderberry can result in rash, skin irritations and breathing difficulties.
Toxicity and Other Side Effects
Raw or unripe berries can be toxic and cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea according to the NCCAM. Other side effects that have been associated with taking elderberry include dizziness, headache, convulsions, increased heart rate, abdominal cramps and weakness.
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