Keflex is an oral antibiotic medication that belongs to a drug class called cephalosporins. Drugs in that class are similar to penicillin and are active against several different classes of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Haemophilus influenzae, stopping them from building their cell walls and therefore preventing bacterial growth. Keflex has been shown to be safe for use in children, but the way it is administered to children is different from adults. The correct dose to give to a child depends on the patient's weight.
Diarrhea
Although a fairly mild side effect, diarrhea is the most common side effect of Keflex. The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is populated by various bacteria necessary for the healthy functioning of the digestive system. Antibiotics such as Keflex often disrupt the natural bacterial flora of the digestive system, and that can lead to diarrhea.
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Taking Keflex can disrupt the normal healthy bacteria living in the digestive system. When the normal bacteria are killed, the area can be invaded by harmful bacteria. One such bacteria, Clostridium difficile, causes a condition called pseudomembranous colitis. The bacteria release a toxin that causes inflammation of the colon that can be mild to severe. According to MedlinePlus, symptoms can include severe abdominal pain, fever and watery or bloody diarrhea. Parents of children taking Keflex should consult their pediatrician immediately if their child develops any of those symptoms, as they may be signs of pseudomembranous colitis.
Allergic Reaction
Children with allergies to either cephalosporins or penicillin can develop an allergy to Keflex. The most common signs of an allergic reaction are rash and itching. The reactions usually are mild but in rare cases can lead to upper airway swelling, which requires immediate medical attention. According to a 2002 issue of the Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, cases of severe allergic reactions can lead to airway constriction, swelling of the voice box and blood disorders. Those symptoms can cause significant breathing difficulties as well as loss of consciousness. A parent whose child is taking Keflex and develops any of those symptoms should consult a pediatrician immediately.
Overdose
Although uncommon, it is possible for a child to overdose on Keflex. As with all children's medications, it is important to double check the dose prior to giving the child the medication to make sure the amount administered matches the prescription. In cases of Keflex overdose in children, the signs may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea and blood in the urine.
References
- "Annals of Internal Medicine"; Cross-reactivity and tolerability of cephalosporins in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins; Antonino Romano; July 2004
- MedlinePlus: Pseudomembranous Colitis
- "Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing"; Allergic reactions to drugs: Implications for perioperative care; Julie A. Golembiewski; December 2002
- Drugs.com: Cephalexin
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