Allergic rhinitis is an allergy of the nose, characterized by sneezing, running nose, nose block and itching of the nose. It occurs when your body's immune system overreacts to substances called allergens such as pollen and dust. The symptoms can occur seasonally or all year, the latter which is called perennial allergic rhinitis.
Causes
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by an allergic reaction to indoor allergens. These indoor allergens could be cockroaches, pet dander, house mites and molds growing in plants and carpets.
Features
The patient sneezes 15 to 20 times, more in the morning. Stuffy nose, itching and watering of the eyes and watering of the nose are present. You may be more sensitive to irritants such as smoke, dry air and perfume.
Prevention/Solution
Controlling indoor allergens reduce the allergic reactions. This can be achieved by regular vacuuming and dusting carpets. Washing rugs and bedding in hot water, and cleaning furniture, cushions and carpets help remove the allergens. Covering pillows and mattress with allergen-proof covers is useful. Using an air purifier and air conditioner prevents the allergy.
Expert Insight
Additional treatment is needed if avoiding the allergen isn't possible or doesn't help. For perennial allergic rhinitis, medicines must be taken daily to prevent symptoms. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, nasal steroid sprays reduce sneezing, watering from the nose, nose itching and nose block. Examples include beclomethasone and fluticasone. These have to be sprayed in the nose once or twice daily.
Antihistamine drugs act by blocking the release of histamine, which is responsible for allergic symptoms. Antihistamines such as cetrizine and fexofenadine relieve itching and sneezing in these patients.
Effects
Perennial allergic rhinitis can interfere with your quality of life; it can lead you to miss school or work. Patients with this condition may experience sleep disorders and feel very tired. If untreated, allergic rhinitis can lead to disorders such as asthma, sinus infections and ear infections.
