Ear infections are very common, especially in children. They generally come in one of two forms. The first is an outer canal skin infection, called otitis externa. That infection is typically caused by common bacteria that live on the skin, including Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The other form of ear infection affects the middle ear behind the ear drum and is called otitis media. The common organisms that cause that infection are Pneumococcus species, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella species. Both types of ear infection can present with pain, ear drainage and decreased hearing.
Cefdinir
Cefdinir, also known as Omnicef, is in a class of drugs called cephalosporins. That class of medications works by stopping bacteria from forming a cell wall. Taken orally, cefdinir is effective against species of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and many other organisms that may cause ear infections. The most common side effects of cefdinir are diarrhea, nausea and allergic reactions. People with penicillin allergy should avoid taking cefdinir due to risk of a cross-reaction.
Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin is an antibiotic ear drop that is often used for ear canal and middle ear infections. It can be administered twice daily and is effective against the common skin bacteria. It is in a drug class called quinolones and is very safe since it is not taken up by the body. Antibiotic ear drops are also sometimes combined in a steroid solution, which help to decrease inflammation in the ear.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is in the same drug class as penicillin and is taken orally. It also acts by attacking the bacterial cell wall. Amoxicillin has been in use for a long time and is safe and effective, especially for middle ear infections. Its biggest side effects are diarrhea, nausea and allergic reactions. People with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies should avoid taking amoxicillin due to the risk of developing a reaction.
References
- British Medical Journal; Clinical efficacy of three common treatments in acute otitis externa in primary care: randomised controlled trial; Frank van Balen; November 2003
- Journal of the Chinese Medical Association; Ear Problems in Swimmers; Mao-Che Wang; August 2005
