Steroids are synthetically produced (man-made) chemicals that resemble hormones naturally produced within the body. There are two main types of prescription steroids: anabolic steroids that are similar to the male sex hormones, and corticosteroids, also called glucocorticoids, that are similar to the hormone cortisol. Corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory medications commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as arthritis, asthma and rashes. Prescription steroids can cause many side effects especially with long-term use.
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is a condition of excessive hair growth. Although not all patients will experience this side effect, others notice a dramatic increase in hair growth after only a few months of treatment.
Weight Gain
Weight gain is often the most dreaded side effect of prescription steroid use, although it is not the most serious, according to the Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center . The weight gain is linked to several biological effects induced by the steroids. Steroids interfere with the balance between water and minerals resulting in fluid retention. Retaining fluid in the body can cause swelling, especially in the lower part of the legs.
Steroids also inhibit muscle and fat cells from taking up glucose,the main form of energy for the body, according to Colorado State University. Additional glucose in the blood results in high blood sugar, which can be dangerous especially for people with diabetes. Because the glucose is not able to be utilized by the cells, weight gain results.
Long term use of steroids also causes a redistribution of body fat, according to the Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center. Steroids trigger fat deposits to move to the face, back of the neck and abdomen. Fat at the back of the neck is referred to as a "buffalo hump".
Mood Swings
Steroid use can cause mood swings including feelings of irritability, nervousness and restlessness. Many patients also experience insomnia, the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Osteoporosis
Prescription steroids can cause thinning of the bones. This can lead to a disease known as osteoporosis in which bones become thinner and are more susceptible to breaking.
Increased Risk of Infections
Steroids are prescribed to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the cells of the immune system. Although this is the intended therapeutic effect, inhibiting the immune system increases the risk for additional infections. This is why the doctors at the Mayo Clinic suggest it is important to discuss the risk versus benefits of using steroids as a treatment.
