The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases estimates that people in the U.S. have approximately 1 billion colds a year. Sneezing, achiness, sore throat and coughing are common symptoms of a cold. Adults who suffer from the common cold may have decreased productivity at work and experience a decline in their overall well being for a few days, while children may miss school while they are recovering.
Children
Children may get between six and 10 colds a year, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. They are in close contact with others when they are in a daycare or school setting, therefore they are more susceptible to contracting communicable infections such as the common cold. Teaching children to wash their hands is an important measure for infection control and prevention in these settings.
Adults
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases reports that adults have about two to four colds a year. Women on the average have more. Adults older than 60 have about one cold per year. If an adult or elderly person has a chronic illness that is exacerbated by a cold, it is important to be evaluated by their doctor.
Causes
There are about 200 viruses that cause the common cold, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Some examples are rhinoviruses, parainfluenza and adenoviruses. Fifty percent of colds are viruses that are not identified. Since the common cold is caused by a virus, antibiotics are not used to treat a cold.
Transmission
Colds are transmitted through respiratory droplets. These germs can be lurking on surfaces as well as be transmitted through the air we breathe. Prevention measures include hand washing and cleaning surfaces appropriately after someone who is sick has touched them. A person should avoid contact with persons who are sick, and those who are sick should cover their cough and sneezes with an elbow.
Symptoms
Cold symptoms begin two to three days after infection and can last up to 14 days, according to the National Institutes of Health. The most common symptoms are stuffy nose, coughing and sore throat. Some people experience muscle achiness and feel tired.
Treatment
There is no cure for the common cold. Resting, increasing fluids and doing salt water gargles for sore throat are usually recommended to aid in recovery. There are over-the-counter medications available for elevated temperatures, nasal congestion or coughing. If cold symptoms are severe or they last for more than 10 days, it is advisable to be evaluated by a doctor.
