Contraception options exist in abundance. Several methods are extremely effective but are considered too inconvenient by some users. Other methods may provide contraception but the adverse effects can become too bothersome to continue using. While several kinds of contraception prove available over-the-counter, other choices require a prescription. These medical options should be discussed with a qualified health care provider so that patients understand the risks and benefits.
Barrier Methods
Barrier methods of contraception work by preventing sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing an egg. One type of barrier method is the contraceptive sponge. This device is literally a sponge-like unit that women insert into the vagina to cover the cervix. The sponge blocks sperm from entering the uterus and it continuously releases a spermicide to kill sperm. The diaphragm and cervical cap are barrier methods a health care provider fits to match the size of the woman's cervix. Like the sponge, these devices block sperm from entering the uterus. The condom, worn on the penis, is another type of barrier method that prevents sperm from entering the vagina or uterus. It remains the only barrier method that reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections, reports FamilyDoctor.org.
Birth Control Pill
Numerous forms of the birth control pills exist on the market. Some contain progestin only while others contain estrogen and progestin. These hormones prove effective in preventing pregnancy because they stop the woman's ovaries from releasing eggs for fertilization. The hormone progestin can also increase the mucus leading to the cervix, making it harder for sperm to reach an egg.
Following unprotected sex, a woman can purchase an emergency contraception pill. This has similarities to regular birth control pills but women take a higher dose to prevent pregnancy for up to five days following intercourse, says the Planned Parenthood website. Some regular birth control pills can be taken twice in one day to have the same effect, but women should only do this method under the advice of a medical care provider.
Intrauterine Device
Two types of intrauterine devices (IUD) are available to women. Both are t-shaped devices that health care providers place into the uterus. One type contains copper and the other contains progestin. Both prove effective in preventing pregnancy because they prevent sperm from joining with an egg. The hormone containing IUD prevents ovulation. Both types can impact the uterine lining, which makes it more difficult for sperm to reach an egg. The copper device can remain in the uterus for up to 12 years and the hormone IUD can remain for up to five years according to Planned Parenthood.
Birth Control Patch
Birth control patches are placed on a specific location of the body, such as the back of the shoulder, once a week for three weeks in a row. Women should not wear the patch the week of menstruation. While wearing the patch, the woman receives a steady dose of estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation and to thicken the cervical mucus.
Vaginal Ring
A small estrogen and progestin containing ring can be inserted into the vagina to provide continuous doses of the hormones to prevent ovulation. A woman can place the ring herself and then remove it at the start of the week of menstruation. When she has finished menstruating, she can insert one at the start of the following week.
Shot
Once every three months a woman care receive a shot containing progestin by a health care provider to prevent pregnancy. This method is considered very convenient because the hormone levels remain steady throughout the three months with the woman having to do nothing else to prevent pregnancy.
