Chilblains, also referred to as pernio, are areas of inflammation of blood vessels in skin after exposure to cold temperatures. A common location for chilblains to occur is on the hands, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The condition may also occur on the toes, ears and nose. Symptoms of chilblains include bluish-red, swollen areas on the skin where exposure to cold temperatures occurred. The affected skin may itch and blister. The condition is painful, and rewarming the area too quickly may cause increased pain for the individual. Treatment for chilblains helps prevent permanent damage.
Step 1
Avoid scratching the affected area. The skin may itch, but scratching can cause the skin to break open and contract an infection.
Step 2
Keep the area warm, but stay away from direct heat. Do not attempt to warm body parts affected by chilblains in front of heat sources such as a fire or heater. Rewarming the area quickly can increase the pain and may cause permanent damage to the injured blood vessels.
Step 3
Rub corticosteroid cream into the skin. This medication, available over-the-counter or by prescription, helps decrease the swelling and itching associated with the condition. Apply twice daily until the condition disappears, or as directed by a physician.
Step 4
Spread lotions containing lanolin into the skin. Lanolin will help the body retain heat, according to the Mayo Clinic. Apply as needed.
Step 5
Watch for any areas of broken skin. If an injury occurs to the skin, apply an antiseptic cream to the area and keep the open wound clean and dry. Apply a bandage if necessary. These measures help prevent an infection from occurring.
Step 6
Obtain a prescription for nifedipine from the doctor. This oral medication works by opening constricted blood vessels. Nifedipine helps reduce blood pressure and treats angina, so individuals with heart conditions need to use the medication carefully.
Step 7
Monitor for side effects from the nifedipine. Side effects from the medication include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, joint pain, headache and dizziness, according to Drugs.com.
Step 8
Prevent further exposure to cold climates. Cover all exposed skin when going out into the cold, especially in windy conditions.
Step 9
Watch for signs of infection in the lesions. If blisters occur, they can rupture and cause painful ulcers that are prone to infections. A bacterial infection in the skin requires antibiotic therapy. Without treatment for the infection, it may become life threatening, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Step 10
Contact a physician if the symptoms from chilblains do not improve within two weeks or the condition worsens.
Things You'll Need
- Corticosteroid cream
- Lanolin lotion
- Nifedipine
