1. ARVC
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare condition, but one of the most common causes of sudden unexpected death in athletes. In this progressive disorder, fibrous scar tissue and fat replace normal muscle cells of the right ventricle. As the disease progresses, damage to the left side of the heart may occur. The resulting damage may cause abnormal electrical impulses and inefficient pumping action of the heart. Although the exact cause of ARVC is unknown, familial occurrences indicate a possible genetic connection.
2. Arrhythmias May Be the First Sign
Often the first indication of the presence of the disease occurs in teens or young adults in the form of arrhythmias with a rapid heart rate accompanied by lightheadedness and fainting. The first indication can occasionally even be sudden death. The usual symptoms associated with cardiac problems, such as shortness of breath and chest pain, are often absent in young people, making the condition less likely to be diagnosed until severe symptoms occur.
3. Subtle Symptoms Difficult Diagnosis
There isn't a single test to diagnose ARVC, and confirming its presence may be difficult when the symptoms are subtle. A family history is important in identifying people who are at risk for the disease. You can help confirm the diagnosis with tests like a 12-lead EKG, an exercise stress test, an echocardiogram and wearing a Holter monitor over a period of days to observe the heart rhythm during the performance of your daily activities. Some more invasive tests include cardiac catheterization and electrophysiological testing.
4. No Cure, But Treatable
Although there is no cure for ARVC, the symptoms are usually treatable, and don't always affect the quality, or span of ones life. Treatments vary according to the severity of the disease and accompanying symptoms. They involve identifying who is at risk for sudden cardiac death, preventing and controlling arrhythmias, and improving the pumping action of the heart muscle. The options range from medications to suppress arrhythmias and improve heart function to an implantable cardiac defibrillator for people who are at high risk for dangerous ventricular arrhythmias. As with any other heart condition, anyone with ARVC should remain under the care of a cardiologist and inform him of any changes in her condition. This disease is progressive and treatments may need adjustments over the course of your life.
5. Avoid Extremes
If you have a confirmed diagnosis of ARVC, you shouldn't participate in competitive sports or endurance training programs. Although you can live a normal life and participate in average recreation, you should avoid all forms of extreme physical activity. Before you start any new exercise program, you should consult your cardiologist, and if you experience light-headedness or palpitations during physical activities, stop what you're doing and notify him at once.
