A complete hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the uterus, or womb, and, in some cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes. One in every three women will have a hysterectomy by age 60, according to information from the National Library of Medicine. There are many reasons why a woman may need a complete hysterectomy. Typically, other treatment options are explored before opting to remove these reproductive organs because without the uterus, a woman cannot become pregnant.
Cancer and Tumors
When cancer cells are found in reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries and cervix, physicians first will try to kill the cells with chemotherapy drugs and radiation treatment. Some women may have tumors in the wall of the uterus that are not cancerous but can cause heavy bleeding and pain. Called fibroids, these tumors often can be removed or separated from the blood supply that they need to grow. In the case of cancer and fibroids, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services explains that initial treatments often are not enough and hysterectomy may be needed.
Pain
Pain is a common reason for undergoing a hysterectomy, and it may be caused by a variety of conditions. Endometriosis is one such condition; it occurs when the endometrium--a tissue that normally coats the inside of the uterus--appears on the ovaries, fallopian tubes and even other organs in the abdomen. Individuals experience chronic pain in the lower back and pain during menstrual periods and intercourse that may be alleviated only by removal of the uterus. Another condition, called adenomyosis, involves abnormal growth of the endometrium inside the uterine wall. Hysterectomy may be necessary if other treatments don't help.
Other Conditions
Some women with a condition called a prolapsed uterus eventually may need a hysterectomy. A prolapsed uterus has moved out of its normal position and descends into the vagina. Symptoms of this condition include problems with urination and uncomfortable pressure in the pelvic area. Initially, a procedure may be done to support the uterus in its proper place, but a hysterectomy often is necessary.
Women who suffer from excessive amounts of vaginal bleeding whether as a side effect of medication or from hormone changes or diseases also may need a hysterectomy.
