Fibromyalgia is a syndrome or collection of symptoms that can affect every aspect of a patient's life. Typically, symptoms include chronic fatigue, widespread pain, stiffness, muscle spasms and sleep disorders. Some patients experience mild discomfort while others suffer profound fatigue and severe pain. The National Fibromyalgia Association reports that a regular exercise routine is essential for fibromyalgia patients because it helps to alleviate symptoms, improves function and promotes general well-being. The challenge is to develop a routine that allows the patient to remain active without aggravating symptoms.
Aerobic Fitness
The National Fibromyalgia Association recommends that fibromyalgia patients should engage in appropriate aerobic exercise at least three times a week for 20 to 30 minutes to achieve a reasonable level of fitness. High-impact activities such as basketball, aerobic dance and jogging may aggravate symptoms, but walking and warm water exercise usually are well tolerated.
Before starting or increasing exercise, patients should consult with their health care providers, the American Council on Exercise cautions. Finding an exercise professional to design an individualize program also is helpful.
Better Function
The American Council on Exercise reports that fibromyalgia patients will lose function and strength if they avoid exercise. Tight muscles, postural imbalances and decreased range of motion can make it difficult to handle the normal activities of living. Daily stretching and range-of-motion exercises can improve flexibility as long as they are done slowly. If tolerated, training two to three times per week with light weights should be added to the exercise routine to improve muscle tone, strength and endurance.
Improved Outlook on Life
A regular exercise routine that includes aerobic, strength and flexibility training can reduce stress, anxiety and depression in fibromyalgia patients. Exercise also can be helpful in improving quality of sleep and increasing energy. Exercise practices such as tai chi and yoga can assist with relaxation and physical condition, but some positions may need to be modified to avoid pain.
Reduced Pain
Many fibromyalgia patients who exercise regularly report a decrease in pain, probably due to the loosening of joints and muscles over time, according to the National Fibromyalgia Association. Exercisers must be careful, however, to increase activity slowly and to avoid overexertion. If a flare-up of pain occurs, activity must be restricted for a day or two to ease the symptoms.
