Essential oils are produced from the essence of plants to make oils with a variety of healing properties, and because the oils contain the essence of the plant, many are extremely potent. They must never be used neat, except on the advice of a qualified aromatherapist, or be taken internally. The properties and benefits of the more than 100 essential oils available on the market include some that are known to cause problems to people with certain medical conditions.
Pregnancy
The advice of the International Federation of Aromatherapists on the subject of pregnancy states that: "Application of essential oils through massage should not be carried out in the first 14 to 15 weeks." The reason is that the fetus is at its most vulnerable during the first three months of pregnancy, and some oils are known to cross the placenta, and therefore may cause problems with the baby's growth. Rosemary, white thyme, hyssop, black pepper and sage can raise blood pressure or even cause abortion. Cypress, basil, lemongrass and sweet fennel may interfere with the production of breast milk.
Photosensitivity
Some oils, and citrus oils in particular, are photosensitive. This means that even when they are applied in a diluted form to the skin, exposure in the next 24 hours to direct sunlight, ultraviolet light or other bright light may cause burning or dermatitis. Bergamot oil was used extensively as an ingredient in the 1960s and 1970s in the preparation of suntan oils, particularly because of this quality. Oils to avoid using when exposed in this way include bergamot, lemon, grapefruit and lime.
Other Medical Conditions
According to the Essential Oils Handbook, "In therapeutic trials with epileptic subjects, inhaling camphor-rich essential oils, such as spike lavender, rosemary or yarrow, has been shown to slightly increase seizure rates." These oils should be avoided if you are at risk for seizure.
It is not possible to list all the contraindications for the use of aromatherapy essential oils here, and therefore if you are contemplating using them in the home or for personal use, always take care to use them sparingly or dilute the oils, adding 3 to 5 drops into 30 ml of carrier oil. If you have a medical condition, consult an aromatherapist for advice before using oils, and always read any advice that comes with your essential oil before using.
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