Migraines are extremely painful, chronic headaches that can last from several hours to several days. Migraines can be extremely debilitating and cause nausea, vomiting or sensitivity to light and sound. This can make it very difficult to work or complete daily tasks until the symptoms subside. Many migraine sufferers don't realize they have developed a migraine until they seek medical attention for extreme pain. A physician must perform an examination to determine the exact cause of the migraines.
Hormonal Changes
The Mayo Clinic indicates that changes in estrogen levels in females may cause migraines. Some female patients report experiencing migraines just before or during menstrual cycles when estrogen levels drop. Some women may also experience migraines during pregnancy or menopause. The effectiveness of birth control in treating migraines varies by patient but some patients have found relief when taking oral contraceptives or receiving hormone replacement therapy.
Foods and Eating Habits
Although it varies, certain foods have been identified as potential triggers of migraines. According to the Mayo Clinic, processed foods or those high in salt or monosodium glutamate (MSG) can be common causes. Migraine sufferers should avoid or moderate their intake of the following foods or beverages: alcohol, particularly beer and red wine; caffeinated drinks; beverages or foods containing aspartame; and aged cheese. Extreme hunger or missing a meal can also trigger a migraine.
Stress
The Mayo Clinic also says stress can cause a mild headache and prolonged stress can cause or exacerbate a migraine. Physical stress from an injury, illness and mental or emotional stress can all contribute to the severity of migraines. Performing relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises, yoga or meditation can be helpful in alleviating stress.
Changes in Sleep Patterns
Unexpected or sudden changes in the amount of sleep a patient gets each night can cause a migraine. Migraine suffers should be aware of jet lag when traveling between time zones. Getting too much sleep or being sleep deprived can be factors bringing on a migraine headache.
