Purchasing a backpacking tent is a long-term decision. You probably want to get several seasons out of a new backcountry home, so carefully consider what features are needed before buying. Keep in mind the benefits and drawbacks of each of these, and find a balance that offers the best performance possible.
Weather and Seasons of Use
Three-season tents are catch-all designs that can generally perform in any expectable weather condition except winter cold and heavy snow. They are preferred for summer backpacking and are lightweight, highly ventilated and come in a variety of designs.
Four-season tents, on the other hand, are heavy, thick-walled and burly enough to withstand a snowstorm on the mountain. These tents too heavy and cumbersome to carry during warmer seasons but are indispensable for winter use.
Weight
Backpackers know the value of light gear. Many tents are available that minimize packing size and weight; however, before buying the lightest model on the market, consider what its purpose is. The lighter a tent, the more fragile the materials. You might not get many seasons if you abuse a particularly flimsy ultra-light setup. And if the majority of your hiking is with one or more people, think about getting a two-person tent to share with your partner. One tent split between two packs is often lighter and roomier than a single test-tube of a solo tent.
Pole Materials
The two most common tent pole materials are fiberglass and aluminum. Each has advantages. Fiberglass is often seen in lower-end tents because of its heavy weight. Aluminum, on the other hand, is lightweight, somewhat flexible and can be formed to specific shapes, saving connecting materials and even more weight. Aluminum is also repairable to some degree. A failed fiberglass pole must be replaced.
Fabric Materials
Tent fabrics are continuously evolving. Most are made of lightweight, treated nylon. Tent fly and floor materials are treated to be waterproof, but many tents must be seam-sealed before use to prevent water leaking in through stitching. This adds a little weight to your pack and must be re-done every season or so. Your tent might also have a lot of mesh on the main body to promote insulation and allow for stargazing on clear nights. Make sure your mesh is effective against bugs in your area. No-see-um mesh is common and effective against most backcountry pests.
References
- "Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills," 6th ed., Edited by Don Graydon and Kurt Hanson, 1997
- "Backpacker Magazine": Tents 101
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