In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most commonly used form of assisted reproductive technology. During the IVF procedure, a woman's eggs are retrieved during surgery and then fertilized outside of her body with sperm. Several days after fertilization, the embryos are then transferred into her uterus in the hopes of achieving a pregnancy. The embryo transfer is the final stage of IVF, and physical symptoms that occur at this stage can by caused by several different factors.
The Embryo Transfer
To begin the embryo transfer, a speculum is placed into the woman's vagina. A catheter is placed into the cervix and the fertilized egg is guided into the uterus for implantation. Some women report feelings of abdominal cramping during and after the embryo transfer process. Other symptoms that may occur after the procedure include bleeding and spotting.
Progesterone Side Effects
Women are advised to take progesterone supplements on a daily basis after the embryo transfer takes place. This hormone may help to increase the chances of embryo implantation, as it prepares the uterine lining for a healthy pregnancy. Progesterone has been known to cause symptoms such as tender breasts, nausea, and headaches.
Signs of a Problem
On rare occasions, a fever can indicate that an infection is occurring. However, if an infection occurs after the embryo transfer, it is usually easily treated with antibiotic medication. About two to four percent of patients undergoing IVF may experience an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. This happens when the embryo enters the fallopian tube after the transfer takes place. Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include bleeding, fainting or dizziness, back pain or other sharp pains, and low blood pressure. If any of these symptoms occur, contact a physician for further guidance.
Signs of Pregnancy
Other symptoms that can occur after an embryo transfer during IVF are symptoms of pregnancy. One to two weeks after the transfer, some women may notice cramping or spotting as the embryo implants into the uterine lining. Later, after a missed period, fatigue, nausea, headaches, food cravings/aversions and lower back pain are also symptoms of early pregnancy.
