Sinus pain, commonly referred to as a sinus headache, is a dull, throbbing pain throughout the head as a result of irritated and swollen sinuses, according to the University of Maryland. Pain in the sinus cavity may be the result of hay fever, a deviated septum, nasal polyps or a sinus infection. A person should see a doctor for a proper diagnosis before taking any medication or attempting to self-treat. Sinus pain may be a sign of a more serious condition such as meningitis.
Hay Fever
According to the Mayo Clinic, hay fever is the result of an allergic reaction to either outdoor or indoor allergens and affects one in five people. Hay fever is commonly mistaken for a cold or sickness, but is the result of allergies. Most hay fever is the result of seasonal pollen, or may be a year-round condition if a person is allergic to dust mites, pet dander or molds. Hay fever causes swelling of the sinus cavity, creating pain throughout the head, especially behind the eyes and on top of the skull. Hay fever can make a person feel foggy and restrict his normal daily stamina. Hay fever can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines.
Deviated Septum
A deviated septum is a nasal structural deformity. The center wall of the nose is crooked and can cause partial or full obstruction of one or both nostrils. A deviated septum may form during normal human development, or more commonly as the result of a facial injury. The crooked wall of the nose can cause nasal congestion and inflammation that leads to sinus pressure pain throughout the head. The only treatment to correct a deviated septum is surgery.
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are non-cancerous tumors that grow throughout the sinus cavity, according to the American Rhinologic Society. These tear-shaped polyps may go undetected in minor cases, but can cause serious issues and severe pain as they develop. Nasal polyps can restrict proper drainage and air flow, creating a build up of pressure and fluid throughout the sinuses. Nasal polyps are treated with prescribed steroid pills or nasal sprays to shrink the size of the growths. In severe cases, nasal polyps may need to be surgically removed.
Sinus Infection
A sinus infection is the swelling and inflammation of the sinus cavity, according to the Mayo Clinic. A sinus infection is the result of a bacteria, virus or fungus that settles in the sinus cavity and may be the result of the common cold or severe allergies. The most common sinus infections are caused by bacteria and are treated with prescribed antibiotics. Sinus infections can cause mild to severe pain throughout the head and back of the neck.
