An earache can impact each person differently. Some individuals may report a sharp pain in the ear while others have a dull or burning pain. The earache can sometimes impact both ears depending on the cause. It can also be temporary or persistent. Earaches can also cause ringing in the ears or other hearing interruptions.
Ear Infections
Several parts of the ear are susceptible to infection, including the middle and outer ear. The National Institutes of Health points out that infections are more common in children, but they can still affect adults. The infection is the result of fluid building up in the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nasal passages. Fluids build up for a variety of reasons, such as an infant drinking from a bottle while lying on his back or having a short or thin eustachian tube. Any time the eustachian tube becomes blocked, the result can be a build up of fluid that can promote bacterial growth.
Jaw Problems
Adults with jaw problems, such as arthritis or temporomandibular joint syndrome, can perceive their pain as coming from the ear. The National Institutes of Health suggests that this can also occur with toothaches or tooth infections. The pain is actually occurring in the jaw area, but the perception that it is coming from the ear is called referred pain.
Injuries
A number of injuries to the ear or ear drum can lead to an earache. Examples include a ruptured or perforated eardrum. These injuries can occur when pressure in the eustachian tube builds up and causes the rupture. Signs of rupture with infection can include drainage of pus or blood from the ear.
Irritants
Several irritants can make their way into the ear canal and cause ear pain or even infection. Common irritants include soap, water or wax buildup. Inserting a cotton swab into the ear too far can also lead to irritation or even a damaged eardrum. The Mayo Clinic explains that colds, upper respiratory illness and even allergies can irritate the ear, causing pain. These ailments can also lead to an ear infection. Impacted earwax should be treated by a health professional or the use of cleansing ear drops. Ear candles are not recommended due to the risk of burns or other injury.
