A mini stroke, also known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA), occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted for a brief period. The National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke reports that approximately one-third of those who have a TIA will have an acute stroke in the future. The effects of a TIA are similar to those of a stroke except that they often last for less than an hour but always resolve within 24 hours. In addition, a mini stroke does not cause permanent neurological damage.
Numbness
One of the most evident symptoms of a mini stroke is the sudden onset of numbness or tingling. This sensation often is felt on only one side of the body. The numbness may affect the arms, legs and face and also can cause weakness. One way to determine if a TIA is occurring is to raise both arms above the head. If one arm falls or sags, it could be due to a stroke or mini stroke.
Confusion
Because a mini stroke is caused by an interruption in blood flow to the brain, some brain cells are deprived of oxygen for a brief period of time. This can cause confusion and difficulty understanding what others are saying.
Speech Impairments
The temporary interruption in blood flow to the brain during a mini stroke can cause speech impairments. The patient's speech may become slurred, or she may have difficulty recalling the word she wants to use. A sign of a mini stroke is the inability to repeat a simple sentence.
Vision Impairments
Depending on what part of the brain is affected by the lack of blood flow, vision may be impaired. Some people may have trouble seeing out of only one eye, while others may have both eyes affected. The vision may be blurred, appear double or everything may go black.
Difficulty with Movement
The lack of oxygen to the brain due to a mini stroke also can affect movement and balance. The patient may become dizzy, causing him to lose his balance. Coordination also is affected, which can result in stumbling while trying to walk.
Headache
A mini stroke can cause the sudden onset of a severe and unexplained headache. Along with the headache, the patient may experience neck stiffness, facial pain or pain between the eyes. The headache may be severe enough to trigger nausea and vomiting.
