CMF is an acronym for a chemotherapy regimen consisting of three medications: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. The CMF chemotherapy regimen is used in the treatment of breast cancer. These medications are given in the course of about an hour through an intravenous infusion. Macmillan Cancer Support discusses several schedules for receiving medications, but states that chemotherapy is generally given four to six times over a period of three to six months. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells that grow and divide quickly. Because it targets any rapidly growing cell in the body, undesirable side effects can occur.
Hair Loss
The text, "Core Curriculum of Oncology Nursing" states that hair will begin to fall out approximately two to three weeks after treatment begins. Hair loss is usually extensive and may include most body hair including eye lashes. Hair will grow back after treatment is complete but may be different color or texture than prior to chemotherapy treatment.
Gastrointestinal Upset
The mouth, stomach and intestines are lined with quickly growing cells that are effected by chemotherapy. Because of this damage, many side effects occur. Painful mouth and throat sores can develop. Nausea and vomiting is common with most chemotherapy treatments, including CMF. Diarrhea may also occur with this regimen. These side effects can also affect appetite.
Lowered Blood Counts
Red and white blood cells are killed as a result of CMF treatment. Low red blood cell count causes anemia which leads to fatigue and weakness. Macmillan Cancer Support reports that fatigue may be worse as treatment goes on.
Low white blood cell counts cause low immunity. Low immunity increases the risk for infection. Risk for infections are at the highest 10 to 14 days after treatment when blood cell counts are at their lowest.
Nails and Skin
Cancer Care Ontario reports that darkening of nail beds may temporarily occur. Skin may be dry and itchy during CMF treatment.
Bladder Irritation
Cancer Care Ontario recommends adequate fluid intake because of the risk of bladder irritation. Macmillan Cancer Support attributes bladder irritation to the cyclophosphamide. Symptoms of bladder irritation include pain, trouble urinating and blood in the urine.
References
- Macmillan Cancer Support: CMF Chemotherapy
- "Core Curriculum for Oncology Nursing"; Itano, J. Ph.D, Taoka, K. MSN; 2005
- Cancer Care Ontario: CMF Chemotherapy
