Tattoos as a form of body art have existed for centuries. As consumers demand new and innovative tattoos, the industry responds with new and different inks, including ink that is only visible under ultraviolet (UV) light. Some potential dangers are associated with tattoo ink, however. Check with your doctor before getting a tattoo; some medical conditions and medications making getting a tattoo unwise.
Allergic Reactions
You may have an allergic reaction to the pigments in tattoo inks. According to the Mayo Clinic, people most frequently react to red ink. Allergic reactions can occur even when tattoos are several years old. Allergic reactions to henna tattoos can be severe enough to cause scarring; the FDA especially warns against products marketed as "black henna" or "blue henna."
Cancer
Currently, there exists no clear link between tattoo ink and the development of cancer. However, in 2009, researchers reported case studies of eight patients who developed cancers (keratoacanthomas) in their tattoos. According to the researchers, who published their findings in the "Journal of Cutaneous Pathology," 82 percent of the tumors they studied were associated with red ink.
Diagnostic Interference
The pigments in some tattoo inks may interfere with the ability to produce clear images during diagnostic testing, such as an MRI. Some individuals have reported discomfort at their tattoo site during MRIs, although such reports are rare and having a tattoo is probably not an appropriate reason to refuse an MRI if your doctor thinks one is needed. Tattoos can make it difficult to inspect the skin properly for signs of skin cancer or other abnormalities.
Granulomas
Granulomas are small bumps or swollen areas that sometimes form around tattoo ink. Granulomas are not typically dangerous to the health, but they may be uncomfortable and unattractive.
Immune Reactions
It is possible, though rare, that your immune system could have a negative reaction to tattoo ink. If your immune system is already compromised, discuss your situation thoroughly with your physician and tattoo professional before you get a tattoo.
Infection
Infection is possible--but unlikely--if you receive your tattoo from a professional artist who uses sterile equipment. Tattoo ink should come from new, single-use disposable containers; otherwise, the ink has the potential to pick up infections from previous users, including HIV or hepatitis, and transmit them to you.
Long-Term Effects
According to research chemist Dr. Paul Howard of the National Center for Toxicological Research, little is known about the long-term effects of tattoo ink in the body. Howard and his team are conducting studies into how the body responds to the break down of tattoo ink. Pigments from tattoo ink have been found in the body's lymph nodes, according to Howard, but whether this will result in future health consequences is not yet known.
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