The bark of Salix alba, or willow, has been used as an herbal remedy for over 2,000 years. Chewing on willow bark relieved pain and inflammation, and willow bark supplements continue to do so today. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that willow bark may be as effective as aspirin for relieving pain and inflammation, although it may not work as quickly. Willow bark contains salicin, the chemical from which scientists originally developed aspirin. Side effects can be similar to those caused by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but are less likely to occur.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Some people experience gastrointestinal side effects when taking white willow bark. Upset stomach, mild nausea, ulcers and stomach bleeding are possible side effects of any substance containing salicylate chemicals such as salicin. Those prone to stomach upset, and anyone with stomach or intestinal ulcers, may want to avoid consuming willow bark. Taking too much of this supplement can lead to stomach irritation or inflammation, nausea and vomiting.
Reye's Syndrome
As with aspirin, children and teenagers under the age of 16 should not take willow bark because of the risk of Reye's syndrome linked to salicylates, according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Reye's syndrome causes swelling in the liver and brain. Although rare even when taking aspirin, the disorder can be fatal.
Allergic Reaction
Because willow bark contains salicin, people with a hypersensitivity, intolerance or allergy to salicylates should not use willow bark. People who have negative reactions to aspirin and other NSAIDs may have similar reactions to willow bark. Signs of an allergic reaction include a rash or hives, itchy or swollen skin, breathing difficulty, and facial or mouth swelling. An allergic reaction to willow bark should be considered a medical emergency.
Increased Bleeding
Willow bark may increase the risk of abnormal bleeding, since other salicylates such as aspirin have this effect. People with a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia may need to avoid taking willow bark supplements. Additionally, willow bark may theoretically strengthen the effects of drugs with anticoagulant effects, although the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center says this is unlikely.
Overdose Effects
Taking too much willow bark can cause overdose effects, including a skin rash, ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and kidney inflammation (nephritis). Nephritis symptoms include low back pain and fever.
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