Pain relievers, clinically referred to as analgesics, relieve the sensation of pain from targeted areas of the body. The Partnership for a Drug Free America explains that prescription pain relievers often eliminate pain while also inducing a sense of euphoria and well-being. No matter if the pain reliever is obtained by prescription or over-the-counter, the intended benefit is quick and effective relief of pain.
OTC Pain Relievers
According to the National Library of Medicine there are two types of over-the-counter pain relievers: acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). These medications are often combined with caffeine and may also be marketed for treating other symptoms besides pain. The NSAIDs mediate pain and inflammation by blocking a chemical in the body called prostaglandins. Blocking the prostaglandins may relieve pain but also puts the stomach lining at risk for upset since prostaglandins serve the responsibility as a mediator of the stomach lining. Acetaminophen acts directly on the pain receptors in the brain and does not block prostaglandins. The Mayo Clinic cautions, however, that acetaminophen can upset the liver if taken in too high dosage.
Prescription Pain Relievers
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, narcotic pain relievers may be an option for chronic pain symptoms. Narcotics may become addictive, however, and physician monitoring is recommended. A common chronic pain condition might include back pain. The Mayo Clinic says that, when over-the-counter pain relievers do not alleviate pain, narcotics such as codeine or hydrocodone may be prescribed instead. Opiates increase tolerance to pain but may be addicting and have adverse side effects during withdrawal.
Topical Pain Relievers
There are various topical options for pain relief that are available over-the-counter or by prescription. The Mayo Clinic indicates that topical pain relievers either work by containing counter-irritants that irritate the skin, have salicylates in them, or include capsaicin, which causes a burning sensation. Salicylates contain anti-inflammatory properties as well. The Mayo Clinic further indicates that topical pain relievers may not always offer effective solution for pain and careful consideration should be taken before choosing this option.
