Chronic sinus infections, or chronic sinusitis, affect the upper respiratory system. The infection is different from acute infections because it lasts longer than eight weeks or is recurring, according to the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms include inflamed or swollen sinus cavities, thick mucus, congestion, cough and reduced sense of smell. Blocked sinuses prevent mucus from draining, and infection sets in. The infection can be caused by nasal polyps, allergic reactions or a deviated nasal septum. People with asthma have a higher risk factor of developing chronic sinus infections. One in five asthma suffers are diagnosed with the condition.
Medications
A variety of medications is available via over-the-counter or prescription. Nasal sprays are used to clear nasal passageways. Some nasal sprays contain corticosteroids, which prevent and decrease inflammation. Oral or injected steroids, such as prednisone and methylprednisolone, are necessary for severe chronic sinus infections. Patients with nasal polyps commonly use these medications. Side effects may be severe, and long-term use is not recommended unless necessary. The University of Maryland Medical Centers reports that a broad-spectrum antibiotic may be beneficial to eliminate a range of bacteria associated with sinus infections. The antibiotic therapy can be prescribed for prolonged use. Over-the-counter decongestants and pain relievers are also beneficial to relieve severe temporary symptoms.
Surgery
Some patients may not find relief from a chronic sinus infection after extensive medication therapy. Patients with severe nasal blockage must have attempted relief from steroids and have failed for surgery to be considered, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Endoscopic sinus surgery inspects and views a patient's nasal cavity. Obstructions such as polyps and excess nasal tissue are removed. Additionally, widening a narrow nasal passageway is an option. A drainage tube may be inserted into the sinus cavity to drain excess mucus followed by flushing the cavity with sterile water.
Home Remedies
A variety of home remedies reduce the symptoms and discomfort associated with a chronic sinus infection. Placing a warm compress over the sinuses increases drainage and unblocks the sinus cavities. Add the compress to the eyes, cheeks and nose area several times a day. The treatment will ease pain and tenderness in the area associated with the sinus infection. The National Institutes of Health encourages drinking fluids to thin drainage and mucus secretions. Avoid caffeinated beverages, which dehydrate the body. Using a humidifier or steaming the face decreases congestion. The Mayo Clinic suggests avoiding alcohol, which exacerbates the already swollen lining of the infected nasal passageway. Sleeping with the bed elevated encourages drainage of blocked sinuses.
