Older adults typically need to supplement their diet with vitamins and nutrients to make up for deficiencies common in aging, according to The Elder Care Advocate. Disabilities and other medical conditions deplete nutrition reserves and interfere with nutrient uptake as well. Loss of appetite is common in old age, requiring supplements to make up the difference.
B Vitamins
B vitamins are important to maintain proper blood flow and reduce swelling that often results from medications and other conditions. B6 and B12 can help to prevent heart disease. Of all the B vitamins, B12 is the most important because it helps maintain normal mental functioning and maintain the immune system. B12 also helps keep nerves healthy and melanin production moving smoothly. It also helps increase cell production.
Vitamin C
Bone loss is common in old age and vitamin C can help in bone and cartilage production. When combined with calcium, the water-soluble vitamin can protect bones from developing osteoporosis and reduce inflammation from osteoarthritis.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D also plays a large role in bone health. Vitamin D primarily comes from exposure to the sun, and according to The Elder Care Advocate, vitamin D deficiency usually strikes men and women living in Northern climates who don't get enough sun exposure. Skin changes also reduce the way the body absorbs and processes vitamin D. Osteoporosis develops in those with low vitamin D levels and the essential vitamin helps increase calcium absorption.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A can slow the aging process because it helps the lungs, mouth and throat retain moisture, which helps prevent diseases related to those organs. Vitamin A is vital for maintaining bone, skin and tooth health. It is necessary for good digestion and to defend against urinary tract infections. Vitamin A can help prevent disorders on the skin like bumps and boils.
Liquid Meal Supplements
Many seniors are put on restricted diets to control symptoms due to high blood pressure or diabetes. Restricted diets often are unpalatable, which when added to the loss of appetite can lead to unintentional weight loss and further complications, reports the American Academy of Family Physicians. Liquid meal supplements are best given between meals instead of with meals to increase caloric and protein consumption and raise energy levels. Malnutrition can lead to depression and a failure to thrive, not normal conditions associated with aging.
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