Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine does not form correctly. The occulta form is the most common type of spina bifida, according to the Spina Bifida Association. Most people with spina bifida occulta have no difficulties, but complications may arise for some people with the condition.
Tethered Spinal Cord
According to the Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus, about 1 in 1,000 people with spina bifida occulta have a spinal cord that is tethered, or restricted. A tethered spinal cord has limited movement in the spinal column that is caused by abnormal tissue attachments. Atypical stretching of the spinal cord results from the limited movement. This stretching blocks the functioning of nerves in the spinal cord, so difficulties with movement, sensation and control of body functions often result. Deformities of the legs and feet may also result from tethered spinal cords.
Bladder and Bowel Difficulties
Individuals with spina bifida occulta may develop difficulties with the bladder and bowel functions. They may experience bladder and bowel control problems, such as incontinence. Children with spina bifida occulta may experience an extended period of toilet training, as they have difficulty controlling their bladders and bowels. For some individuals, the bladder may not completely empty, which can lead to urinary tract infections. Kidney damage may occur from a back flow of urine to the kidneys resulting from bladder difficulties.
Orthopedic Difficulties
Orthopedic difficulties, or difficulties with bones and muscles, may occur among individuals with spina bifida occulta. Some people experience continual pain in the legs and lower back. The pain is usually on one side of the body and is located in the lower back, buttocks and back of the thigh muscles. Curves of the spine may occur. The curves may be sideways from the middle of the spine (scoliosis) or bowed like that of a hunchback (kypohosis). Scoliosis of the spine may lead to difficulties with balance. Individuals with spina bifida occulta may experience reduced feeling in the legs and feet. The toes may tingle or become numb. In addition, the feet or legs may be of unequal length. The Achilles tendon, which connects the muscle of the calf to the heel bone, may be short and need surgery to lengthen it. Ankles can become rigid and impossible to move sideways. As a result of orthopedic problems, walking difficulties may develop, such as having a limpness of the feet when walking.
