Asthma is a condition in which the airways in the lungs are sensitive to certain triggers. These triggers, such as mold, can cause airway inflammation and constriction, resulting in symptoms like wheezing. An asthma attack can even occur in severe cases. Mold is a common nuisance, as it is prevalent in every region and is spread by wind. Having a mold allergy does not necessarily mean you will develop asthma, however. Those affected should see an allergist for specific testing.
Mold Allergies and Asthma
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), people who have preexisting asthma are particularly sensitive to mold and should avoid it whenever possible. In cases of allergic asthma, exposure can directly trigger symptoms. Asthma triggered by mold may be worse during certain times of the year, as it thrives in wet conditions.
Types of Mold
Mold is a type of fungus containing spores. Its adverse effects are felt once the spores enter the air. The American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) outlines eight primary types of molds. Penicillium and aspergillus are two types of molds solely located indoors. Caldosporium, hormodendrum and alternaria are located outdoors, often in fields. Bipolaris, epicoccum and fusarium can be found outside and inside homes.
Symptoms
Mold allergy symptoms may include congestion, sneezing, runny nose and itchy eyes. According to the AAAAI, most symptoms affect the respiratory tract. They can even cause a reaction known as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, explains the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA). In turn, the irritation in the lungs can spawn asthma symptoms. This causes the airways to inflame and constrict, resulting in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing.
Prevention
The most logical approach to mold-related asthma is to prevent. The EPA recommends keeping all areas of your home clean and dry and to repair leaks and flood-related damage within 48 hours. Potential mold-growth spots are showers, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, wood and carpet. However, mold can grow virtually anywhere that is damp and warm. The AAAAI points out that mold triggers are difficult to control outdoors, as they are abundantly present in the air. Keep track of local mold spore counts and limit outdoor activities when the counts are high.
Treatment
Allergy testing is conducted by an immunologist or an allergist for asthmatic patients who suspect that mold is a trigger. The AAAAI reports that skin testing is the preferred method, though blood testing may be conducted for further analysis. If mold is indeed an asthma trigger, your allergist will likely recommend a series of allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, to help keep your symptoms at bay. The AAAAI explains that allergy shots can help directly decrease your sensitivity to mold, thereby improving asthma over time.
