Barrier contraception is a method of birth control that prevents pregnancy by trapping sperm inside the barrier device. This method of contraception does not contain hormones like some other forms of birth control and can be used as needed to prevent pregnancy. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology reports that barrier methods are safe and effective forms of contraception when used properly with every sexual encounter. Many forms of barrier contraception are readily available without a prescription, and some forms may prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well.
Condoms
Condoms are available for both men and women. The University of Maryland Medical Center states that condoms, both male and female, are the only barrier methods that protect against sexually transmitted diseases. When used properly and with every act of intercourse, condoms are an effective method of preventing pregnancy.
The male condom is a sheath of synthetic or natural material that fits over the erect penis to trap sperm, preventing it from reaching the cervix during intercourse. Male condoms are available in different sizes and types for comfort with use.
The female condom is a thin pouch that lines the vagina and is held in place with an outer ring that fits against the outside of the vagina. A woman inserts the female condom immediately before intercourse and removes it afterward. The condom prevents sperm from entering the cervix and protects against STDs.
Diaphram
A diaphragm is a small, dome-shaped cup that fits over the cervix. It is inserted up to one hour before intercourse and is held in place with a firm outer ring that holds the diaphragm against the cervix. The diaphragm prevents sperm from reaching the cervix; however, it does not protect against STDs. A woman must acquire a prescription for a diaphragm and have her diaphragm initially fit by a physician. Spermicidal gel or foam, chemicals that kills sperm, must also be used with a diaphragm to increase effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
To prevent pregnancy, a diaphragm needs to remain inside the vagina for six to eight hours after intercourse but no longer than 24 hours. Some women may experience discomfort during diaphragm insertion and urinary and vaginal infections with repeated diaphragm use.
Cervical Cap
A cervical cap is similar to the diaphragm; however, it is much smaller and cannot be used by every woman. This thimble-sized barrier contraception device fits over the cervix, blocking sperm, and can be left inside the vagina up to 48 hours after intercourse. The cervical cap must be prescribed by a physician and is not effective for women who have had a child. Unlike the diaphragm, the cervical cap does not cause urinary and vaginal infections and may be more comfortable to use.
