Kawasaki disease is a disease of unknown cause. It commonly affects children under the age of five and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Boys and children of Asian descent are more likely to get Kawasaki disease.
The American Heart Association reports that one in five children with Kawasaki disease will suffer heart-related damage. Children and adults who suffer heart damage from this disease are closely monitored long-term to watch for progressing heart complications.
Heart Damage
Inflammation of the heart muscle and sac surrounding the heart can occur from Kawasaki disease. Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, can make it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively, resulting in chest discomfort, fatigue and strain on the heart. Blood vessels that supply the heart with blood can also become inflamed, slowing down the delivery of blood throughout the cardiovascular system. Inflammation may also damage heart valves and cause mitral valve regurgitation, or the backflow of blood into the heart.
Inflammation anywhere in the heart or coronary blood vessels can cause arrhythmia, or abnormal heart rhythm. Arrhythmia can reduce the efficacy of heart activity, and in some cases, may lead to heart attack.
Aneurysm
Kawasaki disease can weaken the walls of the coronary artery. Arterial walls can become thin and weak and tear under the weight and pressure of blood flow. Additionally, damaged artery walls can fill with fluid, causing a balloon or bubble of blood to form, which is called an aneurysm. Aneurysms are at risk of leaking or bursting, which causes blood to be released from the artery into the body. Significant blood loss can result from a ruptured or damaged aneurysm, and in some cases, can be fatal. The Mayo Clinic states that aneurysm also increases the risk for blood clot formation in the coronary artery and other arteries.
Arthritis
The American Academy of Family Physicians states that Kawasaki disease can cause joint swelling and pain, which usually subside as the disease resolves. Pain may be felt in large body joints, such as the knees, elbows and hips, as well as smaller joints, such as the fingers. Pain is generally felt on both sides of the body. Arthritis may develop after Kawasaki disease and present a long-term complication of the disease.
