Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces in the bones of your face. Sinusitis results in nasal congestion and stuffiness, as blood vessels are expanded causing congestion of the nose. Local and oral decongestants will relieve the congestion and swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses. They are used with antibiotics to treat a sinus infection and are available as sprays, drops, syrups and tablets.
Mechanism of Action
Decongestants act by reducing the blood supply to the nasal membranes, shrinking the blood vessels and allowing air passages to open up, making it easier to breathe through the nose. They decrease nasal swelling, sinus pressure and congestion.
Local Decongestants
Local decongestants, available in the form of nose drops or sprays, help in the drainage of sinuses. They bring instant relief without the side effects of tablets. However, they should be used only short-term, no longer than three days. When used longer, rebound congestion occurs. This will further worsen the swelling of the sinus membranes and nasal passages. Commonly used local decongestants are oxymetazoline and xylometazoline.
Oral Decongestants
Drops and sprays may not reach the mucous membrane deeper in the nose. Oral decongestants available as tablets or pills will help reduce the swelling. Commonly available oral decongestants are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine.
Side Effects
Too much oral decongestant can cause a rise in blood pressure and pulse rate, dizziness, headache, nervous feeling and difficulty going to sleep, according to Familydoctor.org. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should stop using them.
Most decongestants are available over the counter. Since these drugs act throughout your body and not just in the nose, they have to be used with caution. According to American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, they are not recommended for people with high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes or heart rhythm problems. People with these medical conditions or women who are pregnant should consult their doctor before taking them.
