Wilderness survival requires an understanding of certain basic things, such as making sure that you don't go camping alone or, if you do, that you let somebody know where you will be and when they should expect you back. This is especially important during winter, because weather conditions can bring about new dangers and unexpected problems. Camping in winter can be fun as long as you take it seriously and are ready to face the unexpected.
Packing Essentials
Maybe the most important thing for successful winter camping is to be well prepared before you leave for the trip. Aside from all the typical essential things you would need for a regular camping trip, such as a stove and weather-appropriate tent, you should also bring along some items specifically suited for winter. A sleeping bag is essential, but you might want to consider a sleeping pad as well. Sleeping pads can be put in between the ground and the sleeping bag to conserve heat and insulate your body from the cold ground. It might be a good idea to bring a large piece of tarp along as well. If the bottom of the tent gets wet, you can spread the tarp on top to keep your items dry and warm.
Pocket lighters are a better option than matches in winter, especially if you live in a rainy or snowy area. Lighters don't get wet and will work in any type of weather. A Swiss army-type knife can serve as a tool in most common activities, such as cooking and survival situations. Finally, bring along a first-aid kit.
High-Energy Foods
To keep warm, your body uses up a lot of energy. The colder it gets, the more energy your body requires. According to the Hiker Central website, foods that are dense and provide a lot of calories and energy are a great option. Since it's cold, you can bring chocolate without worrying about it melting. Granola bars or even small granola cereal boxes are another great option. Trail mixes are better than fruit in winter, as they will provide more calories and nutrients. Eat often to keep your blood sugar stable and your level of energy up. If you find yourself getting cold and sleepy, have something hot---tea, coffee, soup---and a small bite to eat.
Carbohydrates and proteins are both essential to keep your energy up, so make sure that you bring both or are able to find them in the area. The easiest carbohydrate to bring along is plain white rice. Protein can be in the form of beef jerky, beans or cheese, all of which should keep fine in the cold weather. If the temperature goes down significantly, drink hot fluids throughout the day, especially at night, before going to bed.
Fire
Having a fire going is key to surviving winter camping. Ideally, you will want to start the fire as soon as you choose a place to settle for the night. Thin twigs are best for starting fires. In snowy weather, make sure you choose wood that is dry. Starter material---such as grass, leaves or bark---will all work, but again they must be dried. If you're camping in a snowy area and you expect difficulties finding dry wood, bring a few tablets of starter charcoal or some rubbing alcohol that you can pour on the wood to start the fire. Keep the fire going through the night, even if it means getting up several times. To keep yourself warm, place the tent or the sleeping bag as near the fire as you can be without getting burned.
Precautions
Severe drops in temperature can be dangerous for your health. Always sleep with socks and a hat to prevent heat from escaping your body, as recommended by the Great Outdoors website. Dress up in layers so you can add or take off one as the temperature changes or if you sweat. The Adirondacks Park official site also recommends wearing gloves and avoiding tight clothing, as this reduces circulation. If anything gets wet, change it immediately, even if it means staying inside your sleeping bag while your clothes are drying next to the fire.
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