The flu is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system. Called seasonal influenza, the peak time of year for flu is between November and March. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that every year anywhere from 5 to 20 percent of the population contracts the flu. Common symptoms of the flu are usually self-limiting; however, flu can cause serious illness and death.
Fever
Fever is a classic symptom of the flu. A person will complain of feeling feverish and may also have chills as core temperature rises. High fever is common and can last for a few days. Treat fever to preventing complications from the flu. Ensure adequate fluid intake, cover lightly but prevent chills and use over-the-counter fever reducers as directed when body temperature is greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit. High fever in young children and infants, the elderly and people with a compromised immune system should be evaluated by a physician.
Cough
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health explains that when a person becomes ill with the flu, the symptoms come on quickly and are severe. The person experiences a dry hacking cough which is often painful. Cough suppressants are available over-the-counter or prescription medicines can be obtained through a physician to control cough and associated pain.
Sore Throat
Sore throat is a symptom reported by some people with the flu. People with a sore throat and high fever should see a doctor at the onset of symptoms to rule out a streptococcus infection. Treat sore throat with warm salt water gargles, over-the-counter pain medications, throat lozenges and beverages that are not too hot or too cold.
Nasal Congestion
Nasal congestion is a common symptom of the flu. Keep hydrated to help clear secretions. Use a humidifier to help alleviate congestion and soothe a dry cough. Headache pain often accompanies nasal congestion. Over-the-counter flu remedies often contain decongestants and pain relievers.
Body Aches
Severe body aches are frequently reported symptoms of the flu. Once a person experiences the flu, he knows the difference between a regular viral respiratory infection and influenza because of the intense muscle and joint pain that he feels all over his body. A person feels extremely ill and uncomfortable from the pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, a comfortable bed and frequent position changes can help alleviate pain.
Fatigue
Extreme fatigue and malaise are common symptoms of the flu. Bed rest is the best remedy. Feed the flu patient plenty of liquids that provide energy such as clear soup broth, tea with honey, clear juices and ice pops. Once fever is controlled, the diet can be advanced.
Gastrointestinal Problems
Some patients with the flu experience vomiting and diarrhea, particularly children; if these symptoms persist for more than 24 hours in young children and infants, the patient should be evaluated by a doctor to prevent dehydration.
