More than half of Americans have a allergy, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a common allergic reaction that causes flu-like symptoms, such as stuffy nose, nasal discharge and sinus pressure, according to the Mayo Clinic. Hay fever can last for a few weeks during allergy season or may last year-round if it is the result of pet dander or dust mites. A person with hay fever symptoms should consult an allergist for a proper diagnosis.
Pollen
The most common cause of hay fever in the United States is pollen from ragweed, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology. When a person has a pollen allergy, his immune system recognizes pollen as a dangerous substance and releases antibodies and histamine to fight it off. The histamine results in common allergic reactions in the body such as hives, nasal congestion and itchy eyes. Hay fever from tree pollen such as maple, beech, oak, cypress, elm and others usually begin at the start of spring. Tree pollen is light and floats in the air, affecting the sinus cavity. A person experiencing hay fever due to pollen should avoid the allergen to reduce the symptoms. An individual should attempt to stay indoors as much as possible and wash his body if exposed to the outdoors.
Household Allergens
Household allergens are another cause of hay fever. These allergens include but are not limited to dust mites, pet dander and certain chemicals used in household cleaners. A person with a dust mite allergy should keep a dust-free environment in her home, replace as much carpet as possible with tile or hardwood and place dust mite preventers on mattresses and pillows. Dust mites prefer temperatures above 70 degrees and can be killed by lowering your household temperature, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. A person with a pet dander allergy should not have pets and should avoid contact with pets.
Mold
A mold allergy can cause hay fever to last year-round if mold is not properly removed. Mold allergies can be prevented by removing all mold and mildew from the home using chlorine bleach in common problem areas such as bathrooms and under sinks. Mold is present year-round and can be found in old books, damp carpet or around the foundation of the house. Maintaining a dry and clean environment will help the prevent of mold growth and allergic symptoms.
