Ear wax may look like debris discharged from the inner ear, but it plays an important role in maintaining the health of the ear canal. Specialized cells in the ear canal produce wax, and it works its way to the outer ear. Too much or too little wax can cause discomfort and impair hearing.
Purpose
Ear wax, also called cerumen, maintains ear health by trapping dirt, dust and other debris before the matter enters the inner ear canal, says the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Cerumen protects the inner ear from infection and helps maintain the correct acid balance. The oil in ear wax lubricates the skin of the ear canal and helps protect it from water, says Dr. Timothy C. Hain, professor of neurology and otolaryngology at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago.
Components
Lipids and keratin, a protein derived from skin cells, are the primary components of ear wax, according to Dr. Timothy C. Hain. Because of its role as a trap, ear wax also contains dead skin cells, dirt and dust particles and oil and sweat.
Production
Specialized glands near the outer portion of the ear canal produce ear wax, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. The wax slowly works its way to the outer ear collecting dirt and other debris, pushed on by jaw movements. The wax may also accumulate in the ear canal until it dries and falls out.
Blockage
Excessive ear wax may resist the normal self-cleaning mechanism of the ear canal and builds up, according to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. The inner ear canal does not have oil glands, so the accumulated wax dries and hardens, forming a plug. Symptoms of impacted ear wax include a full feeling, ringing in the ear and impaired hearing, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology. Wax also may also become impacted against the eardrum if you insert cotton-tipped swabs or other objects into the ear. The academy recommends inserting a few drops of baby or mineral oil, commercial ear drops or hydrogen peroxide, which you allow to drain out after it's in the ear for a few minutes. Consult a physician if these home remedies fail to remove the blockage.
Prevention
Ear wax is necessary for ear health, and you can't prevent it. Too little ear wax can make ears feel dry and itchy, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology. Maintain ear health by gently removing wax that is deposited in the outer ear. Avoid inserting any objects into the ear canal because those objects will only push the ear wax farther into the inner canal, and that might damage the ear. If you produce excessive ear wax and tend to have blockages, consider seeing a physician every six to 12 months for regular cleanings. Always seek medical attention if you have impaired hearing or if you suspect a punctured eardrum.
