Food poisoning is an illness that affects the gastrointestinal tract. According to FoodSafety.gov, it's caused by eating food that's been contaminated by one of several types of bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins or allergens. Most patients recover on their own providing they consume enough fluids. However, young children, the elderly and anyone with an autoimmune disorder should contact a health care provider at the onset of any characteristics associated with food poisoning.
Nausea and Vomiting
One of the most common characteristics of food poisoning is nausea accompanied by vomiting. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, symptoms of food poisoning such as vomiting occur as quickly as 30 minutes after eating and shouldn't last longer than three days. Although it's unpleasant, vomiting is your body's way of eliminating the source of infection. It's important to drink plenty of fluids to avoid becoming dehydrated. When consuming fluids be sure to take several small sips instead of large gulps. This makes it easier for the liquid to stay down. Also try to consume sports drinks of electrolyte enhanced water to replace lost electrolytes. Contact a health care provider if you notice blood in the vomit.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is another characteristic of food poisoning. Some people experience both vomiting and diarrhea while others will only have one or the other. Drinking plenty of fluids is also important for people experiencing diarrhea as they can become dehydrated as well. Over-the-counter products may be helpful in relieving diarrhea. However, as long at the person doesn't become dehydrated there is typically no cause for concern. The Mayo Clinic recommends contacting a health care provider if severe diarrhea persists for more than three days or if there is blood in the stool.
Abdominal Cramps
Abdominal cramps ranging from mild to severe are also a characteristic of food poisoning. A plethora of over-the-counter products are available to relieve stomach cramps. People suffering from cramps typically feel best when lying flat on their back with their knees bent. If severe stomach cramping persists contact a health care provider to rule out more serious infections.
Fever
It's important to monitor body temperature when experiencing food poisoning. In severe cases, food poisoning can be accompanied by a fever. The Mayo Clinic recommends contacting a health care provider if temperature exceeds 101.5 F. People suffering from a low grade fever might want to try an over-the-counter fever reducer like Tylenol, taking a cold bath or placing a cold compress on the forehead.
